Height is a sexually dimorphic trait in humans. In regions of poverty or warfare, environmental factors like chronic malnutrition during childhood or adolescence may result in delayed growth and/or marked reductions in adult stature even without the presence of any of these medical conditions. The development of human height can serve as an indicator of two key welfare components, namely nutritional quality and health. Exceptional height variation (around 20% deviation from average) within such a population is sometimes due to gigantism or dwarfism, which are medical conditions caused by specific genes or endocrine abnormalities. When populations share genetic background and environmental factors, average height is frequently characteristic within the group. Short stature decreases the risk of venous insufficiency. The University of Hawaii has found that the "longevity gene" FOXO3 that reduces the effects of aging is more commonly found in individuals of a small body size. Individuals of small stature are also more likely to have lower blood pressure and are less likely to acquire cancer. Studies show that there is a correlation between small stature and a longer life expectancy. Height is also important because it is closely correlated with other health components, such as life expectancy. In the early phase of anthropometric research history, questions about height techniques for measuring nutritional status often concerned genetic differences.
It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using United States customary units or the imperial system. Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.
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